Informatics Publishing Limited

Dinesh Gupta ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹, A. K. Agarwal ¹, B. B Bhattacharya ², B. Banerjee ³

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, 15-16 Jhalana Doongri, Jaipur-302004, IN
2 Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004, IN
3 Marine Wing, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta -700016, IN

Abstract

In surface geophysical surveys, resistivity contrast between the ore and host rock plays a vital role in the success ratio of the surveys. To overcome the problem of insufficient resistivity contrast, a modified method, Mise-a-la-masse, as tried and found to be very effective in tracing the extensions of polymetallic sulphides intersected in a borehole. The method was applied to Pb-Zn and sulphide hosted gold prospects in Rajasthan and the results obtained indicate that Mise-a-la-masse method can be successfully employed for delineating subsurface extension of polymetallic sulphide deposits.

Keywords

Exploration Geophysics, Electrical Resistivity Contrast, Polymetallic Sulphides, Rajasthan.

Full Text

     

L. N. Singh ¹, D. Gupta ², Ram Gopal ², Radhe Shyam ², S. K. Singh ¹, S. L. Singh ², A. K. Agrawal ³

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Northern Region, Lucknow - 226 024, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Western Region, Jaipur - 302 004, IN
3 Geological Survey of India, A M S E Wing, Bangalore - 560 078, IN

Abstract

A small deposit of lead and zinc was established in southern part of Sawar metasedimentary belt during third phase of drilling. The Mise-A-La-Masse survey, a post discovery geophysical method carried out in the boreholes of this belt has yielded significant results. This method has been useful in delineating the subsurface disposition of mineralised zones and their lateral extension. This technique is also successful in the area in establishing correlation between different parts of an ore body with varying sulphide percentage, which are located distantly but are in electrical continuity. Hence the Mise-La-Masse method has been of immense help in planning the boreholes thereby optimizing drilling cost in the Sawar Belt. The composite map of equipotential line and chargeability contour has indicated that the contour pattern and disposition of anomaly axes are similar in both the cases.

Keywords

Mise-A-La-Masse Survey, Pb-Zn Mineralised Zone, Composite Map, Sawar Metasedimentary Belt, Ajmer District, Rajasthan.

Full Text

     

Ram Gopal ¹, Dinesh Gupta ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, WR, 15-16, Jhalana Doongri, Jaipur-302004, IN

Abstract

Downhole wide spacing IP (DHIP), Self-potential (SP), magnetic susceptibility and applied potential observations were made along the boreholes drilled for Pb-Zn-Cu sulphide in mineral belts of Rajasthan The aim was to identify mineralised zones, physical property contrast of the mineral and country rock and presence of mineralisation in the vicmity of the borehole but missed in drilling

Number of boreholes were surveyed in different parts of the mineral belts of Rajasthan and the relationship between apparent resistivity and chargeability, SP and magnetic susceptibility and lithology of the cores has been studied and analyzed Chargeability 'high', resistivity 'low', SP 'low/high' and magnetic susceptibility 'high' characterized the sulphide mineralisation The surveys were successful in detecting the presence of mineralisation in the drill hole, studying the m situ physical properties of barren & mineralised rocks and finding the correct depth of the conductor It helped in conducting raise-a-la-masse surveys and interpretation of surface geophysical data m mineral belts of Rajasthan Applied potential (Mise-a-la-masse), surveys were able to give information on the lateral extension of the mineralised zones intersected in the borehole

Five examples of detection of sulphide mineralisation in boreholes of Kayar, Pindwara-Watera and Danba-Bethumbi mineral belts of Rajasthan are presented The results indicated average appaient resistivity low value of the order of 1 to 10 ohm-m and magnetic susceptibility of order of 600-5000 x 10⁶ c g s units in the sulphide zones, while in the country rocks values recorded were m the range of 3000-24,000 ohm-m and 50-500 x 10⁶c g s units respectively The diagnostic resistivity response is simply related to the percentage, size and disposition of the sulphide mineralisation The association of high magnetic susceptibility is indicative of pyrrhotite mineralisation in these zones The SP 'high' and 'low' could be due to the electrochemical potential developed at the interface of country rock and ore body Detection IP/ resistivity measurements have also improved the prospective search radius of drill-holes and are successful in assessing qualitatively the lateral extent ol intersected mineralisation.

Keywords

Drill-Hole Induced-Polanzation (DHIP), Self-Potential, Magnetic, Geometric Disposition, Rajasthan.

Full Text

     

Harminder Kaur ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹, R. Amutha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Sciences, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh-160 012, IN

Abstract

Fruit of Kigelia africana tree is cylindrical and weigh approximately 2.5 kg. A mature tree produces hundreds of fruits every year but not used for any purpose, and hence a waste material in this region. Heating dried fruit powder with 1:1 sulphuric acid at 110°C for 24 h has resulted in carbonaceous material which showed marked adsorption properties. Copper(II) adsorption capacity of this Kigelia africana fruit powder carbon material (KAFP) was found to be 21.74 mg/L and almost 90% removal was achieved by treating 100 mg of adsorbent material in 100 mL (10 mg/L) of Cu(II) solution. Adsorption data fitted well into Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Metal uptake was maximum at pH 7 and almost negligible at much lower pH values.

Keywords

Kigelia africana Fruit Carbon, Copper Adsorption, Langmuir Adsorption, Isotherm.

Full Text

   

Veena Sharma ¹, Priti Bala ¹, Sumit Gupta ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, H.P. University, Shimla-5, IN

Abstract

An investigation is made on the onset of thermal instability in a triply diffusive three dimensional fluid layer in porous medium , since there are important fluid mechanical systems in which the density depends on three or more stratifying agencies having different diffusivities, in which the onset of convective instability in isothermal ternary and non-isothermal ternary fluids is termed as triple diffusion. Special attention is given to systems with k₁ >>k₂ , k₃ and p₁ >>K₂/K₃ where K_i is the molecular diffusivity of the ith component and Pis the molecular diffusivity of the ith component and p₁ is the thermal Prandtl number. The perturbation equations are analyzed in terms of normal modes after linearizing the relevant set of hydrodynamic equations to derive a characteristic equation. For the stationary convection, the stable solute gradients are found to have stabilizing effects on the system, due to which the onset of instability is postponed and the medium permeability parameter has a destabilizing effect on the system..The presence of stable solute gradients and medium permeability parameter also introduce oscillatory modes which were nonexistent in their absence. The case of overstability (with increasing amplitude of perturbations) is also considered and the sufficient conditions for the non existence of stable solutions are derivedr. These analytical results are confirmed numerically and the effects of various parameters on the stability analysis for both the cases of stationary convection and overstability are depicted graphically using the software Mathematica version 2007.

Keywords

Thermal Instability, P₁, Thermal Prandtl Number, Solute Rayleigh Numbers, Medium Permeability.

Full Text

     

Veena Sharma ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹, Sudrshna Sharma ², Abhishek Sharma ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla -171 005, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Government Collage, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur, IN
3 Bahra University Waknaghat Solan, IN

Abstract

This paper deals with the instability of viscous superposed, fluids saturating porous medium in the presence of horizontal magnetic field and to include the effect of surface tension. Using linear theory and normal mode technique the dispersion relation so obtained is analyzed mathematically for the stable configuration. The effects of medium porosity, surface tension and magnetic field, on the growth rate (imaginary) of the most unstable mode have been investigated numerically. The square of the Alfven velocity accounting for magnetic field and surface tension have stabilizing effect on the system and medium porosity has destabilizing effect on the system. All these numerical results have been depicted graphically. The results show that the magnetic field and surface tension bring about more stability for a certain wave number band on the growth rate of unstable configuration.

Keywords

Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Horizontal Magnetic Field, Surface Tension, Porous Medium.

Full Text

     

Harminder Kaur ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹, R. Amutha ¹, Charles O. Esimone ²

Affiliations
1 Applied Sciences Department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, IN
2 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, NG

Abstract

Utilization of Melia azedarach fruit based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals like Cu (II), Ni (II) was considered. The effect of base treatment on the adsorbent behaviour was also studied. Batch adsorption studies were conducted as a function of solution concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time at pH 5. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to regressed form of Langmuir, Frendlich and Temkin isotherm equations. At room temperature, 100 mg of Melia azedarach adsorbent removed about 95% of Cu (II) ions from the aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10-25ppm. While, 69% to 86% of Ni (II) ions were removed by MA adsorbent under same conditions. Slight increase in metal ions uptake was observed in the case of base treated MA adsorbents. Equilibrium adsorption data for Cu(II) and Ni(II) fitted well in to Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Keywords

Melia azedarach, Adsorption, Freundlich Isotherm and Pest Free Treated Water.

Full Text

     

Harminder Kaur ¹, R. Amutha ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹

Affiliations
1 Applied Sciences Department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, IN

Abstract

Sugar carbon was prepared from sugarcane bagasse by carbonization with conc. H₂SO₄. Yield was about 20% by weight. The surface of the original unmodified sugar carbon (UM-carbon) was modified by treatment with 2M HCl (SM-A carbon), 2M NaOH (SM-B carbon) and 50% (v/v) HNO₃ (SM-O carbon). Carbon samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. Lead and copper adsorption on unmodified and modified sugar carbons from aqueous solution at room temperature (25°C) was studied by batch analysis method. The solution pH was maintained at 5. Nitric acid oxidation of the original sugar carbon increased metal uptake by almost 100% and simple HCl treatment enhanced metal adsorption by about 10%. Adsorption data of both metals fit well in Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. Lead (II) ions were adsorbed almost in double amounts of copper (II) ions confirming that pore accumulation takes place in addition to ionic interactions in solution.

Keywords

Sugarcane Bagasse, Surface Treatments, Pb and Cu Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms.

Full Text

     

Veena Sharma ¹, Renu Kumari ¹, Sumit Gupta ¹, Radhe Shyam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, IN

Abstract

Quantum effects on the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in an inhomogeneous stratified incompressible, viscoelastic Walters' (model B') fluid/plasma are investigated. The linear growth rate is derived for the case where a plasma with exponential density, viscosity, viscoelasticity and quantum parameter distribution is confined between two rigid planes at z=0, z=d. The solution of the linearized equations of the system together with the boundary conditions leads to derive the dispersion relation (the relation between the normalized growth rate and square normalized behavior wave number) using normal mode technique to explain the roles that play the variables of the problem. The behavior of growth rates with respect to the quantum effect and kinematic viscoelasticity are examined in the presence of kinematic viscosity.

Full Text